RAHMAN, Rahman; ROHMAN, Moh. Mujibur; AKBAR, Ali; AHMAD GHOZALI; DARUSMAN , Darusman. RETRACTED: Kiai, Santri, and Nationalism: A Historical Approach to The Jihad Resolution for Indonesian Independence: this article had published in https://ecohumanism.co.uk/joe/ecohumanism/article/view/4076. TSAQAFAH, [S. l.], v. 21, n. 1, 2025. Disponível em: https://tsaqafah.journal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/tsq/article/view/72. Acesso em: 20 aug. 2026.