Rahman R, Rohman MM, Akbar A, Ahmad Ghozali, Darusman D. RETRACTED: Kiai, Santri, and Nationalism: A Historical Approach to The Jihad Resolution for Indonesian Independence: this article had published in https://ecohumanism.co.uk/joe/ecohumanism/article/view/4076. TSAQAFAH [Internet]. 2025 May 11 [cited 2026 Aug. 20];21(1). Available from: https://tsaqafah.journal.unida.gontor.ac.id/index.php/tsq/article/view/72